Minimally invasive surgical Jarvik 2000 off-pump implantation

The authors describe the tricks and traps of minimally invasive approach during VAD implantation, by associating mini anterior left thoracotomy in the fifth intercostal space with a mini anterior right thoracotomy in the second intercostal space, without the aid of CPB in paravertebral block regional analgesia combined with mild general anaesthesia.