Consensus on Technical Procedures for Simulation-Based Training in Thoracic Surgery: An International Needs Assessment

Seventeen procedures were identified by a Delphi process as feasible for simulation-based training. The top five were video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) lobectomy; VATS segmentectomy; VATS mediastinal lymph node dissection; diagnostic flexible bronchoscopy and robot-assisted thoracic port placement; and robot-assisted surgery docking and undocking. The authors concluded these procedures should be integrated in the thoracic surgery curriculum and should specifically be taught using simulation-based training.