Impact of Brachytherapy on Local Recurrence Rates After Sublobar Resection: Results From ACOSOG Z4032 (Alliance), a Phase III Randomized Trial for High-Risk Operable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

This randomized trial of high risk patients with small clinial stage I cancers randomized pts to sublobar resection with or without adjuvant brachytherapy.  The median follow-up for 222 pts was 4.4 years.  3 year survival was identical (71%) between the groups.  There was no difference in time to local recurrence.  Brachytherapy did not significantly reduce the incidence of local recurrence, even in patients with close or involved margins.