Impact of Brachytherapy on Local Recurrence Rates After Sublobar Resection: Results From ACOSOG Z4032 (Alliance), a Phase III Randomized Trial for High-Risk Operable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

This multiinstitutional randomized trial compared sublobar resection alone to sublobar resection with adjuvant brachytherapy in high risk patients with peripheral NSCLC <3cm.  Time to and type of local recurrence were similar between the groups.  Brachytherapy did not importantly improve local control in patients with potentially compromised margins.  The 3-year suvival rate in both groups was 71%.