Mitral Stenosis and Aortic Atresia—A Risk Factor for Mortality After the Modified Norwood Operation in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

The impact of combined mitral stenosis and aortic atresia on outcomes of Norwood procedures for hypoplastic left heart syndrome was examined in a single institution.  The incidence among 74 operated patients was 19%.  Mortality for affected patients was 29% vs 7% for the other patients.   The mechanism of mortality appeared to be myocardial ischemia.  Preoperative angiography did not assist in risk-stratifying patients.