A systematic review of minimally invasive surgical treatment for atrial fibrillation: a comparison of the Cox-Maze procedure, beating-heart epicardial ablation, and the hybrid procedure on safety and efficacy

This systematic review compares three minimally invasive techniques for surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation: the endocardial Cox-Maze procedure, epicardial surgical ablation and an epicardial surgical and catheter-based endocardial ablation hybrid procedure. According to this analysis, the Cox-Maze procedure is the most effective one and has important safety advantages.